An immigration/migration offence is an offence relating to the legality of the entry and/or continued presence of the child and/or his or her family in the country in question, or to the legality of the current place of residence of the child and/or his or her family following internal displacement.

Information systems are internal methods or structures that enable bodies or institutions that deal with children in conflict with the law to systematically record, update and retain information about those children.

Although it may not be an offence under the law in question, children may come into contact with the juvenile justice or adult criminal justice system as a result of being considered to be in danger from the environment in which they live.